Energy Density Of Wax

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Density

Paraffin wax, colourless or white, somewhat translucent, hard wax consisting of a mixture of solid straight-chain hydrocarbons ranging in melting point from about 48° to 66° C (120° to 150° F). Paraffin wax is obtained from petroleum by dewaxing light lubricating oil stocks. It is used in candles, wax paper, polishes, cosmetics, and electrical insulators. Infiltration period (sec) Infiltration height (cm)energy density = 0.0408 J/mm2 energy density = 0.0544 J/mm2 energy density = 0.0748 J/mm2 energy density = 0.0884 J/mm2 Figure 5 Variation of infiltration height of red wax in the sintered CF specimens, infiltration temperature was kept at 63°C - 64°C. Watt density takes into account the amount of power being applied (watts), the time it is being applied (minute) and the amount of material it is being applied to (Foot2). Once the watt density is known to get a particular material to a certain dyne level, it can be used to predict the results if any of the parameters change such as line speed.

Densities of common products in both Imperial and SI-units

Note! - be aware that for many of the products listed below there is a difference between 'bulk density' and actual 'solid or material density'. This may not be clear in the description of the products. Always double check the values with other sources before important calculations.

Energy Density Of Candle Wax

MaterialDensity
(lb/ft3)
ABS resin, pellet45
Acetic acid, liquid66
Acetone49
Acid phosphate60
Acrylic resin33
Adipic acid, powder45
Air - atmospheric pressure0.0749
Alcohol, methyl49
Alfalfa, ground16
Almonds, shelled30 - 35
Alum powder50
Alumina60
Aluminum hydrate18
Aluminum oxide60 - 100
Aluminum silicate35 - 45
Aluminum, powder45 - 80
Aluminum, shavings7 - 15
Ammonium nitrate, prill45 - 60
Ammonium sulphate40 - 58
Apple seed32
Asbestos fibers20 - 25
Asbestos ore, rock81
Ash, coal, damp45 - 50
Ash, coal, dry35 - 45
Asphalt, liquid65
Aviation fuel (jp-4)49
Bakalite, powder30 - 40
Baking powder40 - 45
Baking soda70 - 80
Ball clay25
Bagasse - exiting the final mill7.5
Bagasse - stacked to 2 metre height (moisture = 44%)11
Bark, wood refuse10 - 20
Barley, flour25 - 30
Barley, ground25 - 30
Barley, kernal35 - 40
Barley, malted31
Barytes, powdered131
Bauxite, crushed75 - 85
Beans, caster36
Beans, coffee22 - 40
Beans, lima45
Beans, navy48
Beans, soy45 - 47
Bentonite, lump25 - 40
Bentonite, powder50 - 60
Bicarbonate of soda41
Blood, dry35 - 45
Bone meal55 - 60
Borate of lime50 - 70
Borax50 - 70
Boric acid powder55
Bran, oat25
Bran, wheat15 - 20
Brewers grain27
Brewers grits33
Brick110
Bronze chips30 - 50
Buckwheat34 - 42
Buckwheat flour40
Butter54
Buttermilk powder25 - 30
Cake mix30 - 40
Calcium carbide75
Calcium carbonate75
Calcium oxide27
Cane - whole stick, tangled and tamped down as in a cane transport vehicle12.5
Cane - whole stick, neatly bundled25
Cane - billetted22
Cane - whole stick tangled, but loosely tipped into cane carrier10
Cane - knifed18
Cane - shredded20
Carbide powder100
Carborundum 75mm10
Carbon black powder4 - 25
Carbon black, pellet20 - 45
Carbon tetrachloride-
Carbon, granulated, activated50 - 60
Carbon, graphite40
Casein powder35 - 40
Cashew nuts32 - 37
Caster beans36
Cat food20 - 25
Cellophane, flocking5
Cellulose acetate10
Cellulose, flocking1.5 - 3
Cement powder, portland85 - 95
Cement, clinker75 - 90
Cereal flake12
Chalk, fine70 - 75
Chalk, lump85 - 90
Charcoal15 - 30
Chromium ore135
Cinders, coal40 - 50
Citric acid55
Clay, attapulgus55
Clay, ball25
Clay, bentonite51
Clay, calcined80
Clay, dicalite20 - 50
Clay, kaoline20 - 60
Clay, sno-brite15 - 50
Clay, whitex15 - 50
Clinker, cement80
Clinker, coal80 - 90
Coal, ground40
Coal, lump45 - 55
Coconut, shredded20 - 22
Coffee bean, green32 - 45
Coffee bean, roasted22 - 30
Coffee, ground20
Coke, calcined, petrol35 - 45
Copper ore135
Concrete140 - 150
Copper oxide190
Cork, ground5 - 15
Corn bran13
Corn cob, ground35
Corn, cracked35 - 40
Corn, flaked6
Corn, gern21
Corn, gluten26 - 33
Corn, grits40 - 45
Corn, ground30 - 35
Corn, meal32 - 40
Corn, starch25 - 35
Corn, sugar, liquid88
Corn, sugar, powder31
Corn, whole kernel45
Cotton blossoms15 - 25
Cottonseed22 - 40
Cottonseed hulls12
Cottonseed meats40
Cottonseed oil58
Cottonseed, meal35 - 40
Cream powder38
Cullett, glass120
Dextrin50 - 55
Dextrose31
Diatomacaous earth11 - 14
Dicalcium phosphate43
Diesel fuel52
Dirt, dry65 - 80
Distillars grain30
Dog food, IAMS minichunk26
Dolomite, lump88 - 99
Dolomite, powdered45
Down, goose1
Ebonite, crushed65 - 70
Emery, crushed95
Epsom salt40 - 50
Ethanol56
Ethyl ether44
Ethylene glycol70
Expancel microsphere0.8
Farina44
Feathers, goose1
Feed pellets, animal32 - 38
Feldspar, ground65 - 70
Ferrous sulphate50 - 75
Fertilizer, phosphate60
Fish meal25 - 40
Flaxseed40 - 45
Flour, barley25 - 230
Flour, corn30 - 34
Flour, patent20
Flour, wheat30 - 35
Flourospar90
Fluff, poly-fim floc1.5 - 2
Fly ash35 - 45
Froot loops, kellogs8
Fullers earth35 - 45
Gasoline45
Gelatine, granulated32
Gilsonite37
Glass bead120
Glass cullett crushed120
Gluten, wheat30 - 35
Glycerine78
Golf tees15
Graphite, ground25 - 30
Grass seed10 - 35
Gravel75 - 85
Grits, corn40 - 45
Grits, rice42 - 45
Gun powder50
Gypsum, lump90 - 100
Gypsum, powder60 - 80
Hay5 - 24
HDPE, polethylene35 - 40
Hominey37 - 50
Hops35
Hops, spent dry35
Hydrochloric acid75
Ice, crushed55
Illmenite, ground120
Iron chips165
Iron ore150
Iron oxide180
Jet fuel, jp451
Kafir40 - 45
Kalsomine, powder32
Kaoline, crushed20 - 22
Kerosene51
Lactose32
LDPE, polyethylene35
Lead oxide30 - 150
Liginite40 - 55
Lima beans dry45
Lime, hydreated25 - 30
Lime, pebble55 - 65
Lime, quicklime25 - 30
Lime, slaked32
Limestone, crushed85 - 95
Limestone, dust68
Linseed oil58
Linseed, kernel25
Maize, kernel45
Malt sugar30 - 35
Malt, dry, whole30 - 35
Malt, ground, dry20
Malt, spent, damp55 - 65
Malt, spent, dry10
Maltodextrin powder35
Manganese ore134
Manganese sulphate69
Maple syrup85
Marble, crushed85 - 95
Menthol49
Metal dust50 - 120
Methanol49
Methyl alcohol49
Mica13 - 30
Milk powder15 - 20
Milk sugar32
Miller, ground35
Millet seed48
Mineral oil57
Mineral spirits49
Molybdenum, floc10 - 12
Monosodium phosphate50
Mortar, wet137
Muriate of potash77
Mustard seed45
Naphthalene56
Napthalene flakes45
Navy beans, dry48
Nitrate of soda68
Nitric acid94
Nitrocellulose25
Nylon35 - 45
Oat flour30 - 35
Oat hulls8 - 12
Oat meal35 - 40
Oat middlings35 - 45
Oats25 - 35
Oats, bran25
Oats, ground25 - 30
Oats, rolled24
Octane45
Oil, linseed58
Oil, olive57
Oil, petroleum, crude53
Oil, sperm whale57
Oil, transformer55
Oil, turpentine54
Oxalic acid, crystals60
Oyster shells, ground53
Paper, shreaded5 - 12
Paraffin wax45
PC, polycarbonate34 - 36
Peanut shell refuse4
Peanuts, shelled35 - 45
Peanuts, unshelled15 - 24
Peas, dry45 - 50
Peat25 - 50
Perlite, expanded3
Petroleum oil51
Phosphate rock, crushed60 - 80
Phosphate sand90 - 100
Plaster of Paris50 - 55
Plastic pellet34 - 48
Polyethylene, pellet34 - 36
Polyvinyl chloride, powder30
Polyethylene pellet35 - 37
Polypropylene powder25
Polypropylene, pellet34 - 36
Polystyrene, expanded beads1.5
Polystyrene, pellet40
Polyvinyl chloride, pellet48 - 52
Popcorn, popped2 - 3
Popcorn, shelled45 - 50
Potash50 - 60
Potasium chloride2 - 3
Potassium carbonate45 - 50
Potassium chloride75
Potassium nitrate76
Potassium sulphate42 - 48
Potato flake12
Potato starch40
Pumice40 - 45
PVC polyvinyl chloride48 - 52
Quartz, sand80 - 100
Rape seed45 - 50
Rice45 - 50
Rice bran20
Rice flour30
Rice grits42 - 45
Rock crushed134
Rubber, ground25 - 50
Rye44
Rye, flour30
Salt, coarse crushed45 - 55
Salt, granulated70 - 80
Saltpeter75
Sand, damp100
Sand, dry80 - 100
Sand, loose90
Sand with gravel, dry108
Sand with gravel, wet125
Sand, rammed105
Sand, silica95
Sand, water filled120
Sand, wet120
Sand, wet, packed130
Sandstone, crushed80 - 95
Sawdust4 - 12
Sea water64
Semolina35 - 40
Sesame seed27 - 37
Shellac powder30 - 35
Silica flour35 - 40
Silica gel30 - 45
Silica sand95
Slag, furnace60
Slakes lime32
Slate, crushed80 - 90
Soap powder20 - 25
Soda ash30 - 45
Sodium bicarbonate41
Sodium chloride70
Sodium hydroxide, flake47
Sodium nitrate68 - 80
Sodium sulphate80
Sorghum seed42 - 50
Soybean flour27 - 35
Soybean hulls6
Soybean meal36 - 50
Soybean, flakes18 - 25
Soybean, whole47
Soybeean, cracked35
Spelt flour25 - 30
Starch powder25 - 35
Steel, chips150
Sucrose - crystal99
Sucrose - amorphous94
Sugar, brown45
Sugar, dextrose, powder50
Sugar, granulated53
Sugar, milk32
Sugar, powdered50 - 60
Sugar, raw55 - 65
Sulfuric acid112
Sulphur, crushed55 - 70
Sunflower seed36
Talcum powder4 - 62
Tar72
Tea leaves12
Terephalic acid powder45
Timothy seed36
Tin oxide100
Titanium dioxide40 - 50
Tobacco, flake2 - 5
Toulene54
Transmission oil54
Trisodium phosphate50 - 60
Urea, prill34 - 42
Vermiculite ore80
Vermiculite, expanded17
Walnut meats25
Walnut shells, ground40 - 45
Water62
Wax15 - 20
Wheat bran12
Wheat gluten30 - 35
Wheat, craked35 - 45
Wheat, flaked7 - 10
Wheat, flour30 - 35
Wheat, ground40
Wheat, whole kernel45 - 55
Whey powder35 - 46
Woodchips20 - 30
Wood flour15 - 25
Wood shavings3 - 10
Xanthum gum48
Zinc ore125
Zinc oxide10 - 30
Zinc, calcined, crushed70 - 90
  • 1 lb/ft3 = 27 lb/yd3 = 0.009259 oz/in3 = 0.0005787 lb/in3 = 16.01845 kg/m3 = 0.01602 g/cm3 = 0.1605 lb/gal(UK) = 0.1349 lb/gal(US liq) = 2.5687 oz/gal(UK) = 2.1389 oz/gal(US liq) = 0.01205 ton(long)/yd3 = 0.0135 ton(short)/yd3

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Energy Density Of Paraffin Wax

Thermal Investigation of Paraffin Wax for Low-Temperature Application

V. Karthikeya,Chatchai Sirisamphanwong,Sukruedee Sukchai
Abstract

Paraffin wax is an effective thermal energy storage material which changes solid to liquid phase during charging mode and liquid to solid phase for discharging mode. In this paper, two types of paraffin wax ; paraffin A and B were examined by accelerating the 100 thermal cycles; heating and cooling to verify the thermal stability and degradation mechanism of the thermal property. Digital scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used for both paraffin waxes in order to investigate the variation in melting temperature and latent heat of fusion in the 0th and 100th thermal cycle. Paraffin A and B melting temperature were stable in 0th and 100th thermal cycle as well as no noticeable variation on paraffin A latent heat of fusion in preliminary investigation whereas paraffin B showed wide variation in latent heat of fusion from 0th and 100th charging mode which was from 130.0 J/g to 203.0 J/g. It was a massive enhancement on energy density. The results showed that the paraffin B enabled high energy density than paraffin A. However, paraffin A latent heat of fusion remained stable during the investigation as well as relatively 0.02 g material evaporation was noticed. From this investigation, it was found that both paraffin wax were suitable for low thermal application.

Volume 11 | 05-Special Issue

Energy Density Of Wax Paper

Pages: 1437-1443





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